Élet és Irodalom

An independent left wing-liberal weekly. It was founded in 1957 to replace a former literary weekly Irodalmi Újság (Literary Gazette) that was published at the time in Paris by writers who had fled to the West after the Soviet invasion of Hungary in November 1956.  It became a favourite source for critically minded intellectuals during the last two decades of the communist régime, but faced bankruptcy by the early 1990s. It was then taken over by former radio journalist Gizella Tarnói (1947-2006) as publisher. G. Tarnói and editor in chief Zoltán Kovács transformed it into the number one forum of left wing-liberal intellectuals.